Vietnam is still in its demographic dividend phase, commonly referred to as the “golden population” period.

Vietnam’s population reached 102.3 million in 2025, with working age (15–59) accounting for 62.7%, maintaining its “golden population” status, according to the National Statistics Office.

The male population stood at 51 million, or 49.9% of the total, while the female population at 51.3 million, or 50.1%.
The population in rural areas stood at 62.9 million, accounting for 61.4% of the
total; while the urban population at 39 million.

As a result of declined birth rates and rising life expectancy in recent years, the share of young population (aged 0–14) continued
to fall, from 23.5% in 2024 to 22.8% in 2025. Meanwhile, the
proportion of  elderly population (aged 60 and above) increased from 14% to 14.5%

The working-age population (15–59), however, remained high at around 62.7%, indicating that Vietnam is
still in its demographic dividend phase, commonly referred to as the
“golden population” period.

Vietnam’s total fertility rate (TFR) in 2025 was 1.93
children per woman, a slight increase from 2024 (1.91 children per woman).
However, since 2020, fertility has exhibited a downward trend and is projected
to continue declining in the coming years.

Mortality rates remained low. The crude death rate in 2025
was 6.1 per thousand, a slight rise from 2024 (5.6 per thousand). The infant
mortality rate (IMR) was 11.2 per thousand, marginally down from the previous
year (11.3 per thousand). Average life expectancy held steady at 74.7 years,
unchanged from 2024.

The sex ratio at birth (SRB) in 2025 was 110 boys per 100
girls, a slight decrease from 2024 (111.4). Nevertheless, this remains well
above the natural biological balance (about 105 boys per 100 girls), indicating
that gender imbalance at birth continues to be a significant challenge.

The National Statistics Office emphasized the need for more
synchronized and effective policy implementation to achieve the goals of the
Vietnam Population Strategy, which targets reducing the SRB to below 109 boys
per 100 live-born girls by 2030.

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